7 Underwater Architectural Marvels That Redefine Design

As the world becomes increasingly aware of the impact of human activity on our oceans, architects are pioneering innovative structures that immerse visitors in the underwater world. From underwater hotels and restaurants to research centres and museums, these architectural marvels offer unique experiences and highlight the importance of marine ecosystems. 

Following the news of Europe’s first submarine restaurant becoming a hub for marine life, we’ve rounded up seven extraordinary examples of underwater architecture.

1. Under, Norway by Snøhetta

The world’s largest underwater restaurant, ‘Under’ is situated in the North Sea, near the remote Norwegian village of Båly. It is designed by the acclaimed architecture studio Snøhetta. This 495-square-metre marvel resembles a sunken periscope. Constructed from exposed concrete and featuring panoramic acrylic windows, it offers diners breathtaking views of marine life while doubling as a marine research center. The building's robust design helps it withstand the harsh underwater conditions, ensuring longevity and safety for its guests. Further, its presence contributes to marine biodiversity, as the structure has become an artificial reef, attracting various marine species.

2. The Muraka, Maldives by Ahmed Saleem and Yuji Yamazaki

‘The Muraka’ is a private villa in the Maldives that offers an unparalleled underwater experience. Designed by architect Ahmed Saleem and New York studio Yuji Yamazaki, this luxurious retreat features an aquarium-like bedroom suite encased in seven-inch-thick acrylic walls. Guests can enjoy panoramic views of the vibrant marine life, along with a kitchen, living and dining areas, and three above-water bedrooms. Muraka's design emphasizes luxury and comfort, providing an intimate connection with the underwater world. The villa's construction uses sustainable practices to minimize its environmental footprint, aligning with the Maldives' commitment to preserving its delicate marine ecosystem.

3. Australian Underwater Discovery Centre, Australia by Baca Architects

Located two kilometres from the Busselton Jetty in Western Australia, the ‘Australian Underwater Discovery Centre’ is designed to mimic a whale surfacing from the sea. This innovative structure by Baca Architects will allow visitors to observe the marine habitats of Geographe Bay through a large window that looks out onto the ocean floor. It’s a unique opportunity to explore Australia’s rich underwater ecosystems. The center's design prioritizes educational outreach, aiming to inspire conservation efforts by showcasing the diversity and beauty of marine life. Interactive exhibits and guided tours will enhance the visitor experience, providing valuable insights into marine biology and environmental stewardship.

4. The ReefLine, US by OMA

‘The ReefLine’ is an ambitious underwater sculpture park along the shoreline of Miami Beach. Designed by architecture studio OMA, this seven-mile-long attraction features sculptures that can only be viewed while snorkelling. A collaborative effort involving marine biologists, researchers, architects, and coastal engineers, The ReefLine aims to raise awareness about the effects of climate change on coral reefs and rising sea levels. Integrating art with marine science, The ReefLine promotes ecological awareness and encourages visitors to engage with pressing environmental issues. The sculptures, made from eco-friendly materials, provide habitats for marine life, aiding in reef restoration and resilience.

5. Underwater Museum of Cannes, France by Jason deCaires Taylor

Three meters below the Mediterranean Sea near Sainte-Marguerite Island, the ‘Underwater Museum of Cannes’ features six large sculptures modelled on local islanders. Created by artist Jason deCaires Taylor, this permanent installation draws attention to the ocean environment and the impact of human activities on marine life, offering a unique cultural experience beneath the waves. The museum's location and design create a harmonious blend of art and nature, encouraging visitors to reflect on humanity's relationship with the sea. Taylor's sculptures are crafted from pH-neutral materials that promote coral growth, contributing to the restoration of the local marine ecosystem.

6. Docking the Amsterdam, Netherlands by ZJA

Set to open in 2025, ‘Docking the Amsterdam’ is an underwater museum that will encase the historic wreck of the ship Amsterdam. Architecture studio ZJA plans to construct a glass tank around the 40-meter-long shipwreck, allowing visitors to view it from all angles. The museum will also feature exhibition spaces dedicated to Dutch maritime history, providing an immersive educational experience. This innovative design preserves the shipwreck while making it accessible to the public, offering a unique perspective on underwater archaeology. The use of advanced materials and engineering techniques ensures the structure's durability and safety, creating a state-of-the-art venue for historical preservation.

7. Proteus, Caribbean by Proteus Ocean Group Ltd and Drass Group

‘Proteus’ is a cutting-edge underwater research station located 18 meters beneath the sea near Curaçao in the Caribbean. Initially designed by Yves Behar for the Fabien Cousteau Ocean Learning Center, it’s now being developed by Proteus Ocean Group Ltd and Italian engineering studio Drass Group. Dubbed the ocean’s equivalent to the International Space Station, Proteus will host around 20 researchers and aquanauts, who will even be able to grow their own food on-site. This pioneering facility aims to advance marine science and technology, providing a platform for long-term research and innovation. Proteus will facilitate studies on marine biodiversity, climate change, and ocean health, contributing to global conservation efforts.

The Future of Underwater Architecture

These underwater architectural feats push the boundaries of design and emphasize the importance of preserving our marine environments. As these structures continue to captivate and educate, they offer a glimpse into a future where architecture harmonizes with the ocean's natural beauty. The integration of sustainable practices and innovative design solutions ensures that these projects serve both educational and ecological purposes. 

Bringing people closer to the underwater world, these architectural marvels foster a deeper appreciation for marine ecosystems and inspire efforts to protect our oceans for future generations. As technology advances, we can expect even more groundbreaking developments in underwater architecture, further bridging the gap between human ingenuity and the natural world.

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